Baby care refers to a series of treatments that are done for your baby. Baby needs the careful care of the family to grow up healthily, baby care covers many aspects, including the baby's daily care, but also the care of the baby's disease, I hope parents and friends have an understanding.    

1. Sleep problems

Cough at night  
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the baby will cough only if the baby's form is not full, the skin is weak, the defense function is poor, and the cold and warmth do not know how to adjust themselves. Specifically, the causes of your baby's cough at night are as follows:  
1. Improper lying position causes poor breathing in the lungs or bronchi, and breath-holding and tearing are symptoms of poor breathing.  
2. Children cough more at night, which is related to throat inflammation and dry itching and irritation of the respiratory mucosa.  
3. The problem of indoor ventilation. In order to prevent the baby from catching a cold, parents may close the door and window when sleeping at night, so that the indoor air is not good, and the baby will cough badly at night.  
4. The reason for the indoor temperature, it is hot in summer and cold in winter, and many people sleep at night with the air conditioner on, causing the baby to cough at night.  
5. Diseases cause nocturnal cough, such as:Allergic cough。 Allergic cough persists or recurringly severe cough, mostly paroxysmal, more obvious in the morning, cough is aggravated when the baby is active or crying, and the child loves to sneeze and cough when he encounters cold air, but there is very little phlegm. The cough at night is worse than during the day, and the cough lasts for a long time, usually lasting 3 months, especially during the pollen season.  
There are many reasons for the baby's cough at night, as a parent must pay more attention, if it does not improve for a long time, you must go to the hospital in time, of course, you can't blindly use medicine, which will have an impact on the baby's growth and development. It's best to let your baby drink plenty of water.

Feeding problems

No breast milk
Soon after the baby is born, the sucking force is not too strong, and the baby has not learned to suck this nipple for a while, so it is time to express and feed the baby.
Method 1: Manual milking method
Wash your hands before milking. The mother finds a comfortable position to sit down and places the milk container close to the breast. When milking, the mother places her thumb above the nipple and areola, the index finger on the bottom of the nipple and areola, and the other fingers support the breast. The thumb and index finger must be fixed when squeezing, and the fingers must not slide around on the skin. You may not be able to milk after a few times of milking, but after a few more repetitions, the milk will come down. If the milk ejection reflex is strong, the milk will also squirt out.
Method 2, hot bottle milking method
Take a 1-litre bottle (note that the diameter of the mouth should not be less than 2 cm), fill the bottle with boiling water, and discard the boiling water after a few minutes. Wrap it in a towel and pick up the bottle and let the mouth of the bottle cool in cold water. Put the bottle over the nipple without leaking. After a while, negative pressure forms in the bottle, and the nipple is sucked into the bottle, and the milk is slowly sucked into the bottle. When the milk stops flowing, gently press the skin around the bottle and the bottle can be removed.
Method 3, breast pump milking method
Breast pumps are available in stores, follow the instructions. When there is a lot of milk in the breast pump and milk, the milk should be poured into the prepared container. Note: Milk with a breast pump and sterilize the breast pump before each use.
Your baby spits up milk
1. Improper feeding posture will cause the baby to spit up, so to prevent newborns from spitting up milk must first have a correct feeding posture, if it is breastfeeding, it is advisable to raise the baby's head slightly when feeding, and pinch the nipple with the index finger and middle finger, and the rest of the fingers press the bottom of the milk to prevent the milk from flowing out too quickly. Pay attention when artificial feedingChoose the right nipple and bottleThe eyelets of the nipple should be properly opened, and it is not too large or too small. It's best to open two or three small eyelets so that the milk doesn't flow too quickly. On the formula milk powder for artificial feeding, you can choose formula milk powder. 2. Do not play or exercise with the child after feeding, you should let the baby lie on the mother's shoulder, and then gently pat the child's back, so that the baby can swallow the air when feeding to drive out and avoid spitting up.
4. Milk that is too cold or unhygienic may cause the baby to spit up.

Immunization schedule

An immunization schedule is crucial for your baby. After birth, the baby can obtain a certain amount of resistance to infectious diseases from the mother's body, but with the increase of age, the resistance will gradually weaken and disappear. In order to improve children's ability to resist infectious diseases,Prevention of infectious diseasesIt is necessary to vaccinate the baby on time in a planned way to protect the healthy growth of the baby.
 

Vaccinations for infants before 6 months of age

Infants aged 2 to 6 months need multiple vaccinations, such as by mouthPolio sugar pills, diphtheria-pertussis triple vaccine,Hepatitis B vaccineand Japanese encephalitis vaccine. There is a certain amount of time and requirements for each vaccination.
When the baby reaches 4 months, a third pill should be taken orallyPolio sugar pillsAt this point, the whole process of basic immunity has been completed, and enough resistance has been produced in the baby's bodypoliomyelitisantibodies can be maintained for 2-3 years. Therefore, it should be taken again around the age of 4 years to strengthen the resistance to the disease.
Diphtheria-pertussis triple vaccineThe first dose is given from 3 months after birth, and the primary immunization of the vaccine is completed by giving it again at 4 months and 5 months after birth. That is, antibodies against three infectious diseases, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus, are produced in the baby's body.
Hepatitis B vaccineThe third dose should be given when the baby is 6 months old. Because of the long interval between the second shot, some parents tend to forget. If the third dose is not given, the antibody level is low and the duration is short.

Vaccinations for infants aged 7-9 months

Infants aged 7-9 months need to be vaccinatedLive attenuated measles vaccineMeasles vaccination can prevent measles in infants. Measles vaccination is required for infants from 8 months of age. At the time of inoculation, a subcutaneous injection is given on the outside of the baby's arm.
Vaccination should be postponed in the acute phase and convalescent period of fever and other illnesses. Infants with egg allergies should be cautious about using the measles vaccine. In the injectionGamma globulin、Placental globulinAfter that, you need to wait one month before receiving measles vaccination. Placental globulin or gamma globulin can only be injected two weeks after measles vaccination, so as not to affect the immune effect of measles vaccine.

Vaccinations for infants at 1 year of age

Infants should be vaccinated with cerebral polysaccharide vaccine and Japanese encephalitis at 1 year of age. According to the regulations, the primary vaccination of the encephalitis vaccine between 10 months and 12 months of infants is required, and two vaccinations are required to complete the primary immunization, and the interval between the two doses should be 3 months. There are two kinds of Japanese encephalitis vaccine, one is inactivated, the other is attenuated, and the general domestic immunization is free of charge and inactivated, and this kind of primary immunization is 2 shots, with an interval of 7-10 days, and a pre-immunized shot of attenuated virus. In two comparisons, the inactivated baby needs to be pricked once, but the baby's reaction is relatively small, and the attenuated baby can be pricked with one less needle, but the reaction is relatively large.
Both vaccines are usually given subcutaneously at the attachment of the deltoid muscle on the outside of the baby's upper arm. The reaction after vaccination is mild, only a few children can have redness, induration and other reactions at the vaccination site, only fever in the whole body, and occasionally allergic reactions, these reactions will disappear on their own after 1-2 days, and no treatment is required.

General care
 

Cut your nails
One is that the nails are easy to scratch the skin on their own bodies, especially the face and ears, which are most likely to be scratched by themselves.
The second is that long nails are easy to hide dirt and dirt, infants and young children have the habit of sucking and eating directly with their hands, and after the dirt in the fingernails is sucked into the mouth, it often causes digestive tract diseases and parasitic diseases (ascariasis, etc.), affecting their physical health.
The third is that long nails are easy to split, causing bleeding at the tips of the fingers, and long nails are also easy to hook the thread of the sweater or thread when wearing clothes and hurt the fingers. Therefore, it is very necessary to cut the nails of infants and young children frequently.
Because the nails of infants and young children are particularly weak, and the skin is also very delicate, coupled with the fact that infants love to move, parents or aunts should pay attention to the following 4 points when cutting the nails of infants and young children:
1. Choose nail scissors with fast blades, thin knife surface and good quality to cut nails for infants and young children, and do not use general scissors to avoid cutting the fingertips of infants and young children.
2. According to the speed of the growth of infant nails, it is generally possible to cut once a week, and if you find that the nails are cracked, you should trim them at any time. The nails on the feet are harder and thicker, or they become naturally soft after washing the feet, and then they are easy to cut.
3. As long as the infant is awake, he loves to move his hands and feet, such as pruning after the baby is asleep, it is much safer. Older children can tell them stories and cut their nails at the same time.
4. Cut the nails of infants and young children, the action should be brisk, and do not cut too much and too hard at a time, so as not to cause pain. Cut it sleek to prevent it from being cut into angular. After cutting, parents should stroke it with their own hands to see if the nail section is smooth, if not, use a small file on the nail clipper to smooth it.
bathe
The surface of the baby's skin is often polluted by sebum, sweat, dander and dust in the air, and there are a lot of bacteria on the surface. The skin of newborns is not well defended and is rich in blood vessels, which can be damaged by a slight external force, or improper care can cause skin erosions, folds, or secondary bacterial infections, and even sepsis in severe cases. Therefore, skin care for newborns is very important. Bathing can clean the skin and maintain the health of the skin; Warm baths dissolve sebum, relax the skin, dilate skin capillaries, and promote the excretion of metabolites. Therefore, newborns should be bathed frequently.
Healthy babies can be wiped and bathed every day after 24 hours of birth, and the number of baths can be increased or decreased appropriately according to the actual situation, and the number of baths should be increased as appropriate in summer. For babies who are too underweight (usually less than 2 kg), in poor physical condition, cold climate, or unconditioned to bathe every day, they should at least be scrubbed and cleaned. You can use toiletries made with botanical ingredients such as calendula and chamomile. In addition, you need to use a soft towel to dry the water, and do not rub it too hard, damaging the baby's tender skin.
Before bathing, adjust the water temperature and room temperature, take off the newborn's clothes, gently put it into the bathtub water, in a supine shape, the washer fixes it behind the newborn's head pillow with his left hand, holds it out of the water, and gently presses the right and left tragus forward with his thumb and middle finger respectively to cover the ear hole, so as to prevent it from flowing into the ear, and then wash his hair with a soft towel with his right hand, and dry it with a towel after washing. Then wash the head and neck, armpits, palms, bends, and chest in turn. Abdomen; Finally, wash the groin, thighs and wrinkles, feet, etc. After washing, use the left forearm to support the newborn's chest, and the palm of the hand to support the newborn's right armpit to fix it in a forward position, and then wash the back, buttocks and hips. After all the washing, turn to the supine position, support the head and neck with your left hand, grab the ankle with your right hand and carry it out of the water, place it on a large dry towel blanket prepared in advance, wrap it and gently dry it. Sprinkle talcum powder or pine pollen on the skin wrinkles to keep the area dry. If the umbilical stump has not fallen off, clean it with a 75% ethanol (alcohol) cotton swab to prevent umbilical cord infection. Use a dry cotton swab to roll the ear piercings and the inside of the tragus. When all is done, quickly dress the newborn, and the newborn will soon fall asleep comfortably.
Your baby spits up milk
First of all, novice mothers should distinguish between spilling milk and spitting up, which usually refers to the milk that the toddler drinks overflows from the corner of the mouth. Spitting up is when milk is squirted out of your baby's mouth in a squirting motion. The difference between the two is only in the way and action, which are common phenomena.
3. Feeding too often will also cause the baby to spit up, so the feeding should be regular and quantitative, if the amount of feeding is too much or the two feeding times are too close, the stomach is easy to spit out the milk due to excessive distension.
4. Milk that is too cold or unhygienic may cause the baby to spit up.
Problems with washing hair
The 4-month-old baby grows and develops rapidly, and the metabolism is also quite vigorous. BecauseSeborrheic dermatitisThere will also be some yellow-brown oily scales on the top of the baby's head, which are easy to scab over if they are not washed off in time. The baby sweats a lot, so it is necessary to keep the baby's head clean and hygienic to make the baby's hair grow normally and healthily.
Baby hair washing can be done before each bath, and you can choose how often to wash your hair according to the season. When the weather is hot, the baby sweats a lot, you can take a bath 1-2 times a day, and wash your hair before each bath. When washing hair, it should be noted that if the baby's head is scabbed, you can properly apply some cooked vegetable oil, cooked vegetable oil can play a softening role, and then wash it off with water.
When washing your baby's hair, be careful not to wash your hair with soap, but use a special shampoo for your baby, because there are many nerves in your baby's head. The skin is thin and fragile, and a special shampoo can effectively cleanse and minimize the damage to the baby. After washing your hair, you can gently dry the water on your head with a dry towel, remember not to rub it vigorously, or use a cotton swab to slightly absorb the moisture that has entered your ears. All in all. Wash your baby's hair on the premise of ensuring your baby's health and safety.
Eating problems
At a very young age, children begin to eat high-calorie fruit drinks and foods that are high in fat and salt, such as potato chips and cola. However, we found that children who drank plain water at meals preferred to pick healthy foods to eat; It is natural for such children to eat a lot of vegetables. He also pointed out that "a person's taste preferences are strongly influenced by the food they loved to eat when they were young. In order to have a healthy body when they grow up, it is necessary to cultivate healthy eating habits in children from an early age