In general, parents can take care of their newborns through neonatal care, including sleep care, diet care, oral hygiene, and skin care.                    

1. Sleep care                    

The quality of sleep in newborns is very important and affects the physical growth and development of newborns. Newborns sleep about 18-22 hours a day, to ensure that newborns have enough sleep time, you should choose a quiet, temperature between 22-26 degrees, and the surrounding light should not be too bright, preferably with a separate crib. Before the newborn sleeps, the newborn should not be overfed, change the diaper in time, pay attention to whether there are symptoms of calcium deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency, and avoid the newborn sleeping in a state of easy awakening, unsteadiness and crying.                    

2. Dietary care                    

Normal full-term infants start breastfeeding half an hour after birth to promote the mother's milk secretion and advocate on-demand breastfeeding. Those who do not have breast milk should be given formula milk, and the milk should be mixed in proportion, and the use of feeding bottles should pay attention to postprandial sterilization. Because the gastrointestinal and digestive tract of newborns is not yet fully developed, it is particularly prone to choking and overflowing. Parents can pat the baby's back after each feeding, which can usually avoid the occurrence of gastro esophageal reflux, so as to play a role in the dietary care of the newborn.                    

3. Oral hygiene                    

The neonatal mucosal barrier function is poor, pay attention to protect the oral mucosa, do not wipe at will, strictly use sterilized gauze and feeding bottles, strictly wash hands before touching the newborn to prevent cross-infection, there will be a relatively thick tongue coating on the surface of the tongue after birth, if the parents directly use the unsterilized cloth to wrap the fingers to wipe the child's tongue, it is easy to scratch the delicate oral mucosa of the newborn, and in severe cases, it will even cause bacteria to enter the body from the wound, so that the newborn will have stomatitis, sepsis and other diseases. Parents should also pay more attention to the hygiene of the newborn's personal belongings in their daily life, and disinfect them before using them for the baby, so as to avoid pathogen infection caused by the baby in the mouth.                    

Prevention of the occurrence of thrush.                     

4. Skin and mucosal care              

 the subcutaneous fat in the early stage of newborn babies is relatively thin, so it is necessary to ensure that the skin is clean and moisturized, and the skin should be cleaned once every 1-2 days. Generally full-term infants can bathe every day 24 hours after birth to keep their skin clean; Newborn newborn skin is very sensitive, and the central nervous system is not mature, the ability to regulate body temperature is poor, at this time the baby's stratum corneum is very thin, the change of weather has a certain impact on the baby's skin, if the temperature is too high, it will lead to excessive sweating of the newborn, and in severe cases, it will lead to the baby's eczema symptoms. Wash your buttocks with warm water after each bowel movement to prevent red buttocks or diaper rash. Change the baby's diaper regularly, and do not let the baby lie on the wet diaper. Take care to keep the umbilical cord stump clean and dry. Clothes are made of wide, comfortable and soft cotton fabrics, no wrinkles and buttons, parents usually clean and gently scrub the skin of newborns in a timely manner, keep the baby's skin clean and hygienic, and adjust the thickness of the baby's quilt and clothes according to the surrounding environmental temperature.

5. Dressing

Clothes and diapers are best made of cotton fabrics, easy to absorb water, and not to use chemical fiber, the color of the clothes is best lighter, it is also convenient to find dirty places, and also prevent dyes from irritating the skin of newborns, choose loose clothes, avoid restricting limb activities, wear a small hat when the temperature is low to protect the head, and choose soft materials. Diapers should be absorbent. newborn babies are generally about 50 cm, but there are individual differences, some are slightly higher, some are slightly lower, generally buy 54 cm of clothes for the child, because the skin of the newborn is relatively immature, it is recommended to go to the regular pregnancy and baby store to buy better quality, cotton, soft and breathable clothes, the clothes need to be washed with water, and then put in the sun for sterilization.  

6. Ambient temperature: Be sure to pay attention to the ambient temperature, newborn babies try to ensure that the ambient temperature is about 28 °C, if the body is exposed, it may be around 30 °C, and it will be slightly different according to the weight. In addition, try to ensure that the ambient humidity is 55%-65%, which is relatively suitable for newborn babies;

7. Umbilical cord care

   Because after the child is born, the umbilical cord is in a process of disconnection, so we must pay attention to disinfection every day to avoid water or urine, resulting in omphalitis;

8. Others

 After feeding, we must pay attention to burping the baby to avoid spitting up, especially the insufficient amount of breast milk of the newborn baby's mother, which may easily cause a large amount of gas to be swallowed in the process of feeding, so we must remember to burp the baby after each feeding to avoid choking or spitting up.